Anthropology of Power And Resistance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human sciences of Power And Resistance - Essay Example For the comprehension of human sciences of intensity, first we need to comprehend what force is, the means by which it is established, and how it works inside a purportedly postmodern world in which more seasoned principles of power appear to have diminishing pertinence'. The effects of strategy mediations and openings at state, supra-state and extra-state levels for instance, on the manners by which individuals dodge or disregard the span of the state in developing financial force outside state ability to control; the open doors for and imperatives on ethnic, sex and other gathering or straight out strengthening offered by foundations, for example, United Nations offices and discussions, worldwide Non-Governmental Organizations, the European Union, the International Court of Justice, the Internet and the worldwide media, among numerous others; the opportunities for strengthening by controlling the interstices between neighborhood, territorial and focal degrees of state bureaucratic association; and issues of 'the board'. Foucault's conceptualization of intensity is people are consistently in the situation of at the same time experiencing and practicing this force. They are not just its inactive or consenting objective; they are in every case additionally the components of its explanation the vehicles of intensity, not its places of use. (Foucault, M. (1980) Power/Knowledge, (ed.) C. Gordon. New York: Harvester/Wheatsheaf). There is likewise a clue here of that contemporary utilization of 'strengthening' which infers the drive by people, independently or in blend, to get what they need. However, such a methodology causes us to see how socially equivalent people (scholastic partners, for instance) can practice control over others and for themselves and get what they need when they need it only by overlooking the ordinary guidelines of neighborly social cooperation. There are explicit conditions in which the anthropologist is obliged by the elements of the open strategy procedure to embrace an increasingly extreme situation, of the sort related with a unilocal, univocal and unifocal type of ethnography, where the objective of 'political human sciences' is to accomplish an exchange of intensity from the 'framework' to the 'network'. Thus, it is fundamental for the control to create something similar to a 'code of training', whereby the need or allure of developments between the radical and the moderate position can likewise be arranged, inside specific political settings, so as to keep away from a breakdown in the exchange which establishes the teach itself. A 'political setting' is characterized here as something which is fundamentally bigger than a solitary 'network', which might be proportional to a solitary purview (or country state), yet which will ordinarily likewise have some sectoral part for example 'wellbeing', 'protection', 'mining', a nd so forth Then again at present debilitated individuals undermine overwhelming structures and connections and come some path towards accomplishing their objectives unequivocally by not voicing their protection from domineering force transparently, however by practicing some other limit or asset. Examples of mastery can oblige obstruction insofar as it isn't openly and unambiguously recognized voice under control incorporates talk, tattle, masks, semantic

Fish Weir - Ancient Fishing Tool of Hunter-Gatherers

Fish Weir - Ancient Fishing Tool of Hunter-Gatherers A fish weir or fish trap is a human-made structure worked of stone, reeds, or wooden posts put inside the channel of a stream or at the edge of a flowing tidal pond planned to catch fish as they swim alongside the current. Fish traps are a piece of some little scope fisheries around the globe today, supporting resource ranchers and continuing individuals during troublesome periods. At the point when they are fabricated and kept up following conventional environmental techniques, they are secure ways for individuals to help their families. Be that as it may, nearby administration morals have been sabotaged by provincial governments. For instance, in the nineteenth century, British Columbias government passed laws to preclude fisheries built up by First Nations individuals. A rejuvenation exertion is in progress. Some proof of their antiquated and proceeding with use is found in the wide assortment of names despite everything utilized for fish weirs: fish impoundment, flowing weir, fishtrap or fish-trap, weir, yair, coret, gorad, kiddle, visvywer, fyshe herdes, and aloof catching. Kinds of Fish Weirs Territorial contrasts are obvious in development strategies or materials utilized, species gathered, and obviously wording, however the essential configuration and hypothesis is a similar around the world. Fish weirs differ in size from a little transitory brush structures to broad edifices of stone dividers and channels. Fish traps on waterways or streams are roundabout, wedge-molded, or ovoid rings of posts or reeds, with an upstream opening. The posts are frequently associated by basketry mesh or wattle fences: the fish swim in and are caught inside the circle or upstream of the current. Flowing fish traps are normally strong low dividers of rocks or squares worked across crevasses: the fish swim over the highest point of the divider at spring elevated tides, and as the water retreats with the tide, they are caught behind it. These kinds of fish weirs are regularly viewed as a type of fish cultivating (once in a while called aquaculture), since the fish can live in the snare for a period until they are gathered. Frequently, as per ethnographic research, the fish weir is consistently destroyed toward the start of the bringing forth season, so fish may openly discover mates. Creation and Innovation The soonest fish weirs known were made by complex tracker gatherers everywhere throughout the world during the Mesolithic of Europe, the Archaic time frame in North America, the Jomon in Asia, and other correspondingly dated tracker gatherer societies around the globe. Fish traps were utilized well into the notable period by numerous gatherings of tracker gatherers, and in truth despite everything are, and ethnographic data about memorable fish weir use has been accumulated from North America, Australia, and South Africa. Verifiable information has additionally been gathered from medieval period fish weir use in the UK and Ireland. What weve gained from these examinations gives us data about the techniques for fish catching, yet in addition about the significance of fish to tracker gatherer social orders and in any event a glint of light into customary lifestyles. Dating Fishtraps Fish weirs are hard to date, to some degree some of them were utilized for a considerable length of time or hundreds of years and were destroyed and remade in similar areas. The best dates originate from radiocarbon examines on wooden stakes or basketry which were utilized to build the snare, which just dates the most recent modify. In the event that a fish trap was totally disassembled, the probability that it left proof is thin. Fishbone arrays from nearby middens have been utilized as an intermediary for the utilization of a fish weir. Natural residue, for example, dust or charcoal in the bottoms of traps have additionally been utilized. Different techniques utilized by researchers incorporate recognizing nearby natural changes, for example, changing ocean level or the development of sandbars that would affect the weirs use. Ongoing Studies The soonest realized fish traps to date are from Mesolithic locales in marine and freshwater areas in the Netherlands and Denmark, dated to somewhere in the range of 8,000 and 7,000 years prior. In 2012, researchers detailed new dates on the Zamostje 2 weirs close to Moscow, Russia, of over 7,500 years prior. Neolithic and Bronze Age wooden structures are known at Wooton-Quarr on the Isle of Wight and along the shores of the Severn estuary in Wales. The Band e-Dukhtar water system works of the Achaemenid tradition of the Persian Empire, which incorporates a stone weir, dates between 500â€330 BCE. Muldoons Trap Complex, a stone-walled fish trap at Lake Condah in western Victoria, Australia, was developed 6600 schedule years prior (cal BP) by expelling basalt bedrock to make a bifurcated channel. Exhumed by Monash University and the neighborhood Gundijmara Aboriginal people group, Muldoons is an eel-catching office, one of many situated close to Lake Condah. It has a complex of at any rate 350 meters of built channels running nearby an old magma stream passage. It was utilized as of late as the nineteenth century to trap fish and eels, yet unearthings announced in 2012 included AMS radiocarbon dates of 6570â€6620 cal BP. The most punctual weirs in Japan are at present connected with the progress from chasing and assembling to cultivating, for the most part toward the finish of the Jomon time frame (ca. 2000â€1000 BC). In southern Africa, stone-walled fishtraps (called visvywers) are referred to however not immediate dated starting at yet. Rock craftsmanship artworks and fish bone gatherings from marine locales there propose dates somewhere in the range of 6000 and 1700 BP. Fish weirs have likewise been recorded in a few areas in North America. The most established gives off an impression of being the Sebasticook Fish Weir in focal Maine, where a stake restored a radiocarbon date of 5080 RCYPB (5770 cal BP). Glenrose Cannery at the mouth of the Fraser River in British Columbia dates to about 4000â€4500 RCYBP (4500-5280 cal BP). Fish weirs in southeastern Alaska date to ca. 3,000 years back. A Few Archeological Fish Weirs Asia: Asahi (Japan), Kajiko (Japan)Australia: Muldoons Trap Complex (Victoria), Ngarrindjeri (South Australia)Middle East/West Asia: Hibabiya (Jordan), Band-e Dukhtar (Turkey)North America: Sebasticook (Maine), Boylston Street Fish Weir (Massachusetts), Glenrose Cannery (British Columbia), Big Bear (Washington), Fair Lawn-Paterson Fish Weir (New Jersey)UK: Gorad-y-Gyt (Wales), Wooton-Quarry (Isle of Wight), Blackwater estuary weirs (Essex), Ashlett Creek (Hampshire)dRussia: Zamostje 2 The Future of Fish Trapping Some legislature supported projects have been subsidized to mix conventional fish weir information from indigenous people groups with logical research. The motivation behind these endeavors is to make fish weir development sheltered and gainful while keeping up natural adjusts and keeping the expenses and materials inside the scope of families and networks, particularly even with environmental change. One such late investigation is portrayed by Atlas and partners, on weir development for the misuse of sockeye salmon in British Columbia. That joined work by individuals from the Heiltsuk Nation and Simon Fraser University to remake weirs on the Koeye River, and build up fish populace observing. A STEM (science, innovation, building, and arithmetic) instruction program has been created (Kern and associates) to draw in understudies in the development of fish weirs, the Fish Weir Engineering Challenge. Sources Chart book, William I., et al. Antiquated Fish Weir Technology for Modern Stewardship: Lessons from Community-Based Salmon Monitoring. Biological system Health and Sustainability 3.6 (2017): 1341284. Print.Cooper, John P., et al. A Saxon Fish Weir and Undated Fish Trap Frames close Ashlett Creek, Hampshire, Uk: Static Structures on a Dynamic Foreshore. Diary of Maritime Archeology 12.1 (2017): 33â€69. Print.Jeffery, Bill. Resuscitating Community Spirit: Furthering the Sustainable, Historical and Economic Role of Fish Weirs and Traps. Diary of Maritime Archeology 8.1 (2013): 29â€57. Print.Kennedy, David. Recuperating the Past from above Hibabiya - an Early Islamic Village in the Jordanian Desert? Middle Eastern Archeology and Epigraphy 22.2 (2011): 253â€60. Print.Kern, Anne, et al. The Fish Weir: A Culturally Relevant Stem Activity. Science Scope 30.9 (2015): 45â€52. Print.Langouà «t, Loã ¯c, and Marie-Yvane Daire. Antiquated Maritime Fish-Traps of Brittany (France): A R eappraisal of the Relationship among Human and Coastal Environment During the Holocene. Diary of Maritime Archeology 4.2 (2009): 131â€48. Print. Losey, Robert. Animism as a Means of Exploring Archeological Fishing Structures on Willapa Bay, Washington, USA. Cambridge Archeological Journal 20.01 (2010): 17â€32. Print.McNiven, Ian J., et al. Dating Aboriginal Stone-Walled Fishtraps at Lake Condah, Southeast Australia. Diary of Archeological Science 39.2 (2012): 268â€86. Print.OSullivan, Aidan. Spot, Memory and Identity among Estuarine Fishing Communities: Interpreting the Archeology of Early Medieval Fish Weirs. World Archeology 35.3 (2003): 449â€68. Print.Ross, Peter J. Ngarrindjeri Fish Traps of the Lower Murray Lakes and Northern Coorong Estuary, South Australia. MSc, Maritime Archeology. Flinders University of South Australia, 2009. Print.Saha, Ratan K., and Dilip Nath. Indigenous Technical Knowledge (Itk) of Fish Farmers at Dhalai District of Tripura, Ne India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 12.1 (2013): 80â€84. Print.Takahashi, Ryuzaburou. Advantageous Relations between Paddy-Field Rice Cultivators an d Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers in Japanese Prehistory: Archeological Considerations of the Transition from the Jomon Age to the Yayoi Age. Senri Ethnological Studies. Eds. Ikeya, K., H. Ogawa and P. Mitchell. Vol. 732009. 71â€98. Print.

Platos Socrates Essay Example for Free

Platos Socrates Essay All together for the idea of astuteness to convey any suitable load in the issues of the world, it is essential for said idea to recognize the connection between insight as a theoretical thought and shrewdness as a core value for realistic activity. Albeit different masterminds inside the rundown of essayists and logicians we have contemplates do advance the possibility of insight as an even-mindedly applied power; Henry David Thoreaus translation of shrewdness and its applications in human life and in human culture appears to me the most sensible understanding among those we have concentrated up until now. Thoreaus essential thought of intelligence is relative straightforward adn develops, not from dynamic philosophical talk, however from the vantage purpose of everday life: Does Wisdom work in a track factory? or on the other hand does she instruct how to prevail by her model? Is there any such thing as intelligence not applied to life? (Thoreau 118) By posing these inquiries in association with the possibility of astuteness, Thoreau makes it clear that he views shrewdness as a technique for characterizing nd assisting with educating human conduct and not just human idea. Curiously enough, while Thoreaus meaning of shrewdness is saturated with the functional and the down to business, he reprimands his perusers and audience members not to befuddle realism and insight, that is, not to botch the commonsense of gaining a living with the pragmatics of knowledge: It is appropriate to inquire as to whether Plato got his living in a superior manner or more effectively than his contemporaries,or did he[ ] think that its simpler to live, in light of the fact that his auntie recollected that him in her will? The manners by which most men get their living, that is, live, are insignificant stopgaps, and an evading of the genuine business of life,chiefly in light of the fact that they don't have the foggiest idea, however somewhat in light of the fact that they don't mean, any better, (Thoreau 118). The use of Thoreaus down to earth vision of knowledge may evade a few spectators; be that as it may, Thoreau, himself, delineates the use of his concept of shrewdness by turning his sights to the gold rush fever which wrapped his counterparts: Did God direct us so to get our living, burrowing where we never planted,and He would, perchance, reward us with chunks of gold? (Thoreau 119) where, clearly, Thoreaus hang up with gold-rushers isn't their quest for gaining a living, in essence, yet with the imprudence of their accepting that gold can, all by itself, substitute the requirement for astuteness: I didn't have the foggiest idea about that humanity was languishing over need of gold. I have seen a tad bit of it. I realize that it is entirely pliable, yet not all that pliant as mind. A grain of gold will overlay an extraordinary surface, yet not even a grain of astuteness,; where Thoreuas unexpected difference of gold and knowledge leaves little uncertainty, at long last, with respect to which he sees as increasingly pivotal to mankind. (Thoreau 119) 2. Whose perspective on insight (Socrates, Thoreau, Huxley, Pieper, or Frankl) is by all accounts the least sensible? Why? In spite of the fact that Platos Socratic works on the nature and significance of equity accomplish and inward concordance and capacity in consistent consistency with the remainder of his thoughts in regards to morals, style, and civics, Socrates perspective on insight, as characterized by Plato, strikes me as minimal normal of the hypotheses and thoughts we have considered. Far be it for me or any other person to blame Plato for leaving openings in his hypothesis of shrewdness; that isn't the issue to such an extent as the circclar idea of Platos thinking which drives me to feel that the ideas of astuteness which are depicted by Socrates offer almost no in the method of viable application throughout everyday life and appear to be progressively similar to digest thoughts intended to invigorate the individuals who appreciate contemplating hypothesis, as opposed to help the individuals who are genuinely looking for relevant methods for intelligence in day by day life. Essentially, it is Socrates request that insight exists past the human energy about it, which appears to injure the general contention on the idea of what includes astuteness: Socrates considers there to be two general sorts of information, one which makes its holder shrewd and one which doesn't. Socrates, and others as well, can unhesitatingly and accurately guarantee to have various cases of the last sort; however no person can properly profess to have the previous sort, since no individual has ever accomplished the knowledge Socrates himself disavows having when he pronounces numbness, (Brickhouse, and Smith 31). sufficiently genuine, Socrates modesty in maintaining himself to be without knowledge has bewildered onlookers adn researchers for a long while; be that as it may, the confirmation that insight exists, aside from human comprehension, nd must be sought after even to the point of conceding that it can't be achieved, leaves the whole issue of shrewdness not yet decided structure a down to earth perspective. Socrates may accept that human insight is of next to zero worth (23a6-7). What might be of incredible worth, if just he had itnamely, genuine wisdomSocrates and all others need. The best shrewdness for people, as we have quite recently observed, is the acknowledgment that we are in truth worth nothing in regard to astuteness (Brickhouse, and Smith 33) and this sort of vision is, obviously, another minor departure from a strict or powerful idea: that of Divine Wisdom. For Socrates, intelligence is a theoretical force esteemed tor live inside the Divine awareness yet just sparingly in human cognizance. I would state that nay meaning of knowledge which neglects to advance a solid, down to earth application in accordance with human culture and individual conduct is beneficial just from an absolutely educated perspective. Works Cited Brickhouse, Thomas C. , and Nicholas D. Smith. Platos Socrates. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Harding, Walter, ed. Thoreau: A Century of Criticism. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press, 1954. Thoreau, Henry David. The Major Essays of Henry David Thoreau. Ed. Richard Dillman. Albany, NY: Whitston Publishing, 2001.

The Debate on Legalizing Prostitution - Free Essay Example

My personal belief on prostitution is that it should be decriminalized and legalized in the United States. If we decriminalize prostitution, we would help not only women but society as a whole. If sex for money was made legal and recognized as a career choice and occupation it would make being a sex worker safer, improve their health, help decrease the exploitation of women, and help curb sex trafficking. The legalization of prostitution would allow sex workers to have the same rights and protections as any other worker. It would also help generate money in the form of taxes for the state or federal government. My belief comes from what I have learned as an adult about the sex trade industry. Growing up, I was taught that prostitution was dirty and bad, and not an adequate or respectable life choice. Now I see that not everyone makes this life choice willingly. Prostitution is known as the oldest profession in the world and is viewed by society as morally wrong. The criminalization of prostitution seems to do more harm than good, aside from being unsuccessful in stopping prostitution it only continues to allow for more sex trafficking and sex crimes against women (Hall Blanco, 2018). Many sex workers are poor and come from broken homes and violence and they see prostitution as their only way to make a living. In legalizing prostitution, we may be able to help decrease the spread of disease and sex crimes against sex workers. Society does not like the idea of money being exchanged for sex but this is a moral viewpoint that should not be allowed in legislation (Barkan, 2017). My position is against the legalization of prostitution. The importance of studying prostitution is so that we as a society learn to better understand sex workers, their world and their impact on the world around us. If we have a better understanding perhaps society can come up with solutions to issues that come from prostitution like sex crimes. Its important to keep prostitution illegal because if legalized there is the possibility of it making sex trafficking, and prostitution more rampant. The reality of things is that we as a society do not know what would happen is prostitution was made legal. It is much easier to take the moral high ground and say that its wrong and needs to be criminalized in order to try and discourage such behavior, but if history has taught us anything is once government sets a ban, a black market simply helps supply the ongoing and in some cases increasing demand. The legalization of prostitution can be beneficial to society because it would allow the government to collect additional tax revenues that can be used to fund public programs. It would also help public health by decreasing sexually transmitted infections and AIDS/HIV. If prostitution were made legal, law enforcement officers would have more time to fight real criminals that are a menace to society, instead of wasting their time arresting sex workers. Prostitution can be harmful to society because of the way it treats women, we live in a society where men are the dominant ones and women are seen as passive and submissive. Prostitution also further reinforces the idea that women are sex objects for men to have and enjoy at their disposal. Prostitution leads to other issues such as drug use, alcohol abuse, mental health issues from trauma caused to the sex workers, and the freedom that is taken away from individuals because of sex trafficking. In keeping prostitution illegal, society will only continue to have its only going issues with sex trafficking, prostitution, the spread of disease and the mistreatment of women by their customers or pimps. Prostitution appears in Chapter 15, titled Consensual Crime. In this chapter the author talks about the history of prostitution and the debate for its legalization. The author lists the reasons why people are either for or against legalized prostitution. The author mentions how prostitution and brothels were very common in the U.S. during the 1800s but by the 1900s an anti-brothel moral crusade (Barken, 2017, p. 304) made a majority close its doors. And despite the effort to end prostitution and close down brothels, they still continued to exist in the U.S. By banning prostitution or simply by saying that its morally wrong has not and will not discourage people from participating in prostitution, whether it be the customer or sex worker. Prohibiting prostitution does nothing to help sex workers exit the industry or provide them with education or other skills. (Hall Blanco, 2017). Keeping prostitution illegal does not address its inherent problems, but it does prevent a productive dialogue on the subject. References Barken, Steven E. (2017). Consensual Crime. In Criminology: a sociological understanding (pp. 304-306). Boston: Pearson. Blanco, A. H. (2018). Prohibition of Prostitution Encourages Organized Crime. In Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit: Gale. (Reprinted from Lets Talk About Sex (Work), InsideSources, 2017, February 13) Retrieved from https://link.galegroup.com.libproxy.elac.edu/apps/doc/JERJMD033131105/OVIC?u=mont93762sid=OVICxid=9fea47a8

How The Glass Booth Should Be Integrated Into The Museum

As a museum, our job is to create an experience for our visitors in order to leave an artistic impression in their heads. Many museums have attempted to create unique exhibitions such as period rooms and displays in order to amaze the crowds that travel through and make their experience a memorable one. Nowadays it is difficult to amaze a crowd that has so many resources at its disposable. The internet has made it possible to view any work of art with just the click of a button. It is for this reason that the Glass Booth should be integrated into the museum. With the financial support of the board, the purchase of three different stained glass pieces can be purchased to put together this unique booth so that the audience can experience the†¦show more content†¦This piece was created during the crusades and demonstrates an important message to those who would either go on the crusades or were contemplating converting to Christianity. The legend of the seven sleepers demonstra tes a protection from the lord for those who want to convert but are afraid of persecution. In the legend those who converted were noblemen which give an example to the common people as if to say that being Christian is indeed fashionable and done by the top of the hierarchy as well as the bottom. The second piece is a stained glass portrayal of a prophet. The piece is called Prophet. Created ca. 1390-1400, the context of the piece is unknown but at the time it was typical to see prophets in architectural settings. It is colorless glass with silver stain and vitreous gold paint. Created after the Valois branch took over the Capetian dynasty in 1328, this piece is significant in that it isn’t as colorful as stained glass mosaics that are typically shown in the cathedrals. The period in which this piece was made was significant because it was the last flowering of gothic art until the introduction of Italian Renaissance motifs in the 1450s by Jean Fouquets . The final piece of artwork is called the Adoration of the Magi, it is also stained glass and was created circa 1390. It is from the Schlosskapelle, Ebreichsdorf, Austria and is made from pot metal and colorless glass with silver stain

What Is Science and Where Did It Come From - 928 Words

What is science and where did it come from? The study of science came before the scientific revolution got to begin. The scientific revolution began in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. The revolution was accomplished by developing the medieval roots of science of the classical age of Greece and Rome. Throughout the scientific revolution, the medieval scientific philosophy was abandoned in favor and improved methods proposed by different men. Finally, we are introduced to scientists of mathematicians, astronomers, and philosophers. Sir Francis Bacon, Galileo, Rene Descartes, and Isaac Newton are the famous people in the scientific method. The scientific revolution proves that science is a source for the growth of knowledge. The history of science manifests the chain of enhancements in technology and knowledge. We begin with Nicolas Copernicus, who presented the heliocentric theory that is resting on the revolutionary notion that the Earth orbited the sun. Copernicus worked on a heliocentric model- where the Earth is simply one of several planets, which orbit the sun. The next man we come to be Johannes Kepler, who contributes the three laws of planetary motion. Kepler studied the orbits of the planets and sought to discern some grand scheme that defined the structure of the universe according to simple geometry. Kepler also put together three laws of planetary motion: first, the planets rotate in elliptical orbits with the sun at one of the centers. The secondShow MoreRelatedSearching for the Origin of Life Essay880 Words   |  4 Pagesthe topic, to the point where the previous simple answer was almost left behind. Religion has science to blame for its loss of complete power of the people. Perhaps this is why the religious society is so unwilling to find a happy median. Although that is completely understandable, science did embarrassingly undermine their entire belief system, or did it? 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Information Management Strategic Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Information Management for Strategic Analysis. Answer: 1: Competitive strategies implemented by Expedia back in 2001 and their evaluation Expedia.com is a leading online travel service in the United States, with localized versions in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Germany. The market in which Expedia operates is highly competitive. The company had to find competitive strategies in order to get competitive advantage in such competitive market. The company used online or web based travel agency that distributes and develops global travel services. Mentioned below are the competitive strategies utilized by expedia.com to lead in the market. Diversified travel services to attract individual travellers via web services Expedia has been focusing on online information distribution system to engage its customers; the information system at expedia.com doesnt need to handle customers individually. An automatic notification and information is sent to the users who have logged in to their portal. This service helps users to stay updated about the flights, hotels, car rental and any other information associated with their trip. Company has been able to handle wide range of individual customers with help of web services as there is no need to manage and handle an individual personally until there is no issue in the booking. Expedia.com has made it place in the market by directly serving its customers and connecting with service providers (Hotels, car rental companies and airlines). It works as an intermediate between service provider and customers by making the service easy to access and operate to customers along with rewards (Expedia, 2001). Effective and efficient use of technology to stay competitive in the market The information system of the expedia.com supports all digital devices to access the information such as desktop and cell phones or any other web-enabled device. The architecture works with internet and non-internet devices as well. Expedia uses Microsoft.Net passport (system development vendor) which made it first mover in the market. Expedia provides excellent value to its customers with help of technology. Customer Engagement and Marketing In addition to technology and unique services of Expedia.com, its marketing and customer engagement process has also been a key strategy of expedia.com to stay competitive in the market. Such as last minute deals and discounts where Expedia has list of hotels, vacation packages, and flights to travel in next two weeks. In addition to that user can sign up to get latest deals and discounts in their email address. All these things makes Expedia leader in the travel industry (Expedia, 2001). Strategic evaluation and analysis There are so many tools that can be used to evaluate and analyze the strategy of an organization such as PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis and Porters five forces. These tools help to determine whether the strategy complies with internal and external factors of an organization or not. The evaluation has been done using porters five forces method. Source: (Zanoni, 2012). Threat of new entry Expedia has been able to make its position in travel industry with help of its unique services and technology investment. The company has been first mover in travel industry which supports web based information on internet and non-internet based devices. The easy accessibility of information on Expedia has made in attractive to its customers. The company has been leader in the market and continuously improving its services in the market. In this scenario, the competitors of the Expedia such as Lastminute.com and Priceline.com and traditional travel agencies such as Rosenbluth are working to get competitive advantage via information system but leader has all the trust and grip to market so threat to new entry in online travel service is low for the Expedia because its continuously making investments in technological growth (Expedia, 20013). Supplier power Supplier power is higher in case of Expedia.com as it is connected to best airlines, hotels and car rentals that can dominant the prices and customers have choice for such suppliers so suppler power is high in case of Expedia.com. The company has been able to lead in USA because of good relationship management with its service providers so Expedia strategy to stay in the market is efficient and effective as well. Buyer power Buyer power is low in case of Expedia as company provides unique set of services that no other company does. The features offered by Expedia makes buyer power low as they dont have options compared to Expedias services. Threat of substitution Threat of substitution is low for the Expedia because it is the age of online services and companies are moving to this age and Expedia has grown in this age only. So threat of substitution is less for Expedia. Competitive rivalry Expedia is been sensitive in any change associated with competition, supplier consolidation and business model. Therefore, competitive rivalry is high for Expedia but strategies of Expedia are effective to control this rivalry. 2: How current information technologies/information systems can help Expedia to achieve their goals Competitive strategies and intelligence on information system has been conducted by the Expedia.com I order to achieve the current opportunities of the market. After being top online travel company in USA, the next goal of the organization is to be leading company in all over the world. The company is looking for grabbing the opportunities of expansion in Asia and Europe. Expedia has expanded its presence in Asia-pacific region via strategic investments on technology, people and partnerships. Similarly, in Europe, Expedia has expanded to several countries (Wilczyński Furlong, 2010). The main goal of the Expedia is to engage individual customers and to acquire service providers so that their customers can directly book from Expedia. The company has been successful in achieving its goals because of the technology investment and being first mover in online travelling industry. In order to achieve its goal to be leader of the industry in World Wide Web the company needs to focus on CRM and resource planning. The organization can acquire service providers and can be leader of the market by engaging its customers. Information system and information technology has been playing a big role in success of Expedia and Expedia can acquires its new goals by integrating CRM and resource planning solutions provided by Microsoft. #1 Microsoft Dynamic CRM Online Worldwide customer engagement is not an easy job for organizations especially when goal is to satisfy individual customers. The CRM has to be adaptive to catch all information about a customer like who is the customer, what they want and what are they doing. Microsoft dynamic CRM has ability to enable customer trust, sales, insights, loyalty towards company. The advantages of Microsoft dynamic CRM online have been discussed below. Microsoft dynamic CRM Allows more time to spend on selling rather than administrative tasks by utilizing intelligent sales capabilities of Microsoft dynamic CRM business software along with embedded Microsoft office capabilities. Insightful and actionable information allows competitive intelligence. Microsoft dynamic CRM online provides intelligent lead management, streamlined goal management, comprehensive auditing and real time forecasts. It allows Connected marketing that is collaborative and integrated via automatic tracking opt out and in preferences that further uncovers new leads and helps to understand social trends via social connectors. Effective document management is another feature of Microsoft dynamic CRM that provides fast track creation of campaign and marketing plan. Seamless event management and mobile productivity to access marketing budget, campaign information via any web enabled device or even via offline capability (Factors Affecting Customer Linking Capabilities and Customer Satisfaction in CRM, 2012). #2 Microsoft ERP solutions Enterprise resource planning solution is an effective information system tool to redesign processes, make smarter decisions and for appropriate business growth. Microsoft dynamics AX supports hybrid cloud environment in order to meet requirement of organizations. The advantages of this information management solution have been listed below in consideration of Expedia. Future investment and technology: Expedia is looking for expanding in order to achieve global success and Microsoft dynamic ERP solution is customizable solution that can support the changing needs of the organization for future endeavors. An organization can gain competitive advantage in any location with help of effective resource planning and management as technology can be imitated but resource cannot be. Microsoft ERP solution provides dynamic functionality for resource planning at different locations with centralized solution. Centralized solution provides an effective way to manage globalized resources (Microsoft, 2016). Transforms business faster: ERP solution by Microsoft provides an effective IT tool that helps businesses to transform business faster in different locations such Expedia is looking for expansion which will need resource training and planning to understand existing business model and ERP solution helps to make this transform faster. No replacement cost: Expedia is already using Microsoft platform so there is no replacement cost for Microsoft dynamic solution. Microsoft dynamic integrates multiple international locations or sites to parent solution (Tomic and Jovanovic, 2016). Low deployment cost: Microsoft infrastructure provide efficient integration without any functionality issue which reduces the deployment cost. Reflection and Learning There are so many things that I have learnt while doing this assignment. I would like to divide my reflection in three parts: Problems, solution and Lesson learnt. I found several problems while doing this assignment but research and my analytical skills helped me to come out from these problems. Problems and solution Analytical problems: In task 1 the need was to discuss and evaluate three competitive strategies of Expedia. I had no issues in finding this competitive strategy but I had problem at time of evaluation. Evaluation is basically analysis to determine whether the strategy is according to Market condition or not. The performance of Expedia was clearing effectiveness of its strategies. But I was troubling to find a framework that can justify the assumption. After that I searched for strategy analysis framework and tools and got PESTEL, SWOT and Porters five forces analysis. I could perform all three of them but due to lack of word count I selected porters five forces to evaluate the strategies of Expedia. Research problems: In task 2, I need to identify two IT/IS solution that can help Expedia to achieve its current goals, the current goals of Expedia could be easily found and I got it easily. The next step was to identify solutions that can help Expedia to achieve its goals. I could not found until I didnt started searching specifically such as Microsoft products for effective customer engagement. Lesson Learnt Research needs to be done with specific keywords and you must not be diverted to the topic or research goal. Sometime you need to assume few things in a case study which is correct but you need to justify why it is correct in order to make your point of view correct. References Zanoni, A. (2012). Strategic analysis. New York: Routledge. Microsoft (2016). Microsoft Dynamics. Retrieved 5 July 2016, from https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics/erp-ax-overview.aspx Wilczyński, B. Furlong, E. (2010). Dynamic CRM occupancy reflects a temporal map of developmental progression. Mol Syst Biol, 6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/msb.2010.35 Expedia. (2013). IIC, 44(6), 740-740. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-013-0097-3 Factors Affecting Customer Linking Capabilities and Customer Satisfaction in CRM. (2012). International Journal Of Customer Relationship Marketing And Management, 3(4), 16-30. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcrmm.2012100102 Tomic, Z. Jovanovic, M. (2016). ERP and CRM Data Integration. Managefon, 21(78), 63-72. https://dx.doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2016.0008